The Battle of Culloden was the final confrontation of the Jacobite rising of 1745. 16 April 1746,
The Duke of Cumberland’s defeat of Prince Charles Edward Stuart’s Jacobite Army (his only defeat) – the beginning of the end for the clan system in the highlands of Scotland. Date of the Battle of Culloden: 16th April 1746 (Old Style) (27th April 1746 New Style). Combatants at the Battle of Culloden: The Jacobite Army of Prince Charles and the Royal Troops of King George II. Size of the Armies at the Battle of Culloden: 7,000 in the Jacobite Army and 8,000 in the Royal Army. The Macleans fought with Prince Charlie against the British troops of George II. The defeat of the Scots marked the end of the Jacobite uprising of 1745. The ruthlessness ordered by the Duke of Cumberland earned him the nickname “the Butcher of Culloden” MacLean of Drimnin missed one of his sons, inquired of an immediate attendant if he saw anything of him. ” Sir,” said the attendant, ” I fear he has fallen.” ” If he has, it shall not be for naught,” replied the father; and instantly turning upon the ranks of the enemy, with his pistol in one hand and his sword in the other, rushed again into the conflict. His faithful attendant attempting to remonstrate with him for uselessly throwing away his life, The MacLeans, MacLauchlans, and MacGillivrays, who fell in this battle, are buried in one trench, which is fifty-six feet long, the tomb in the fore- ground of the battle field marking the spot.
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Within a few days of the battle, around 1,500 Jacobite soldiers gathered at Ruthven Barracks, ready to continue the campaign. To their surprise, Charles gave the order to disperse and then went into hiding. For him, the rising was over. Unopposed, the government sent its’ troops across Scotland, punishing anyone suspected of Jacobite sympathies. The policy of ‘pacification’ of the Highlands had begun. Drum is a Jacobite castle. After the defeat, Alexander Irvine, 17th Laird of Drum was listed as ‘never to be pardoned’ but he made his way back to Drum and was hidden by his sister in a secret room to avoid capture from the redcoats. The secret room was re-discovered by archaeologists in 2014. The government began to dismantle the structures of highland society. Clan chiefs were deprived of their legal powers and clansmen of their weapons; Jacobite estates were seized by the Crown and the kilt and tartan were banned. Prince Charles Edward Stuart died in Rome in 1788, deserted by his wife and followers. Charles’s body was moved to St Peter’s Basilica in the Vatican in 1807 to join his brother’s. His father and mother are also buried there. The Duke of Cumberland fared little better. His ruthless conduct after Culloden earned him the title of ‘Butcher’, but his next military campaign ended in defeat and surrender. He died in 1765.
The image at the top of the page is gratefully welcomed, Andrew has given us permission to use this; the return of the Macdonalds after Culloden. He does superb artworks including Scottish historical artwork, William Wallace, Robert the Bruce, the Black Douglas, Bannockburn. 1745 Jacobite rebellion Battle of Prestonpans. Find him here; http://andrewhillhouseprints.co.uk